题目

按分数降序排名，同分同名次，下一学生跳号。

知识点：窗口函数 RANK

运行环境：本站提供在线 SQL 运行环境。

思路

RANK()：同分同名次，后面会空号。两个第一名之后，下一个人是第三名。

只按分数降序排名；学号只用来在名次相同时排行顺序。

解法

-- 第72题：按分数排名，并列空号
-- 样例数据：学生选课 + 员工部门。最后一条 SELECT 为本题查询。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS score;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS course;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS student;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS teacher;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS emp;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dept;

CREATE TABLE teacher (
  tid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  tname TEXT NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE student (
  sid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  sname TEXT NOT NULL,
  ssex TEXT,
  birthday TEXT,
  city TEXT,
  email TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE course (
  cid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  cname TEXT NOT NULL,
  tid TEXT,
  credit INTEGER
);

CREATE TABLE score (
  sid TEXT,
  cid TEXT,
  score REAL,
  exam_on TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE dept (
  did TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  dname TEXT NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE emp (
  eid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  ename TEXT NOT NULL,
  did TEXT,
  manager_id TEXT,
  salary INTEGER,
  hired_on TEXT
);

INSERT INTO teacher(tid, tname) VALUES
('T01', '何启明'),
('T02', '陆知秋'),
('T03', '裴南'),
('T04', '江衡');

INSERT INTO student(sid, sname, ssex, birthday, city, email) VALUES
('S01', '林晓', '女', '2003-03-12', '杭州', 'linxiao@campus.test'),
('S02', '周衡', '男', '2002-11-08', '宁波', 'zhouheng@campus.test'),
('S03', '沈予', '女', '2003-06-21', '杭州', 'shenyu@campus.test'),
('S04', '韩牧', '男', '2002-07-09', '温州', 'hanmu@campus.test'),
('S05', '叶安', '女', '2004-01-30', '杭州', 'yean@campus.test'),
('S06', '方迟', '男', '2001-12-19', '嘉兴', 'fangchi@campus.test'),
('S07', '苏晚', '女', '2003-09-04', '宁波', 'suwan@campus.test'),
('S08', '程远', '男', '2004-05-17', '杭州', 'chengyuan@campus.test'),
('S09', '顾星', '女', '2002-10-28', '绍兴', 'guxing@campus.test'),
('S10', '梁野', '男', '2001-02-08', '温州', 'liangye@campus.test'),
('S11', '夏禾', '女', '2003-08-16', '杭州', 'xiahe@campus.test'),
('S12', '许川', '男', '2002-04-25', '宁波', 'xuchuan@campus.test'),
('S13', '丁南', '女', '2004-04-18', '杭州', 'dingnan@campus.test'),
('S14', '蔡河', '男', '2001-06-03', '嘉兴', 'caihe@campus.test'),
('S15', '闻青', '女', '2002-08-22', '绍兴', 'wenqing@campus.test'),
('S16', '邱石', '男', '2003-12-01', '宁波', 'qiushi@campus.test');

INSERT INTO course(cid, cname, tid, credit) VALUES
('C01', '数据库原理', 'T02', 4),
('C02', '离散数学', 'T01', 3),
('C03', '操作系统', 'T03', 4),
('C04', '计算机网络', 'T02', 3),
('C05', '编译原理', 'T01', 4),
('C06', '线性代数', 'T03', 3),
('C07', '软件工程', 'T04', 2),
('C08', '人工智能', 'T04', 3),
('C09', '毕业实习', 'T03', 1);

INSERT INTO score(sid, cid, score, exam_on) VALUES
('S01', 'C01', 88, '2025-01-08'),
('S01', 'C02', 76, '2025-01-10'),
('S01', 'C03', 91, '2025-01-12'),
('S01', 'C04', 85, '2025-01-09'),
('S01', 'C05', 72, '2025-01-11'),
('S01', 'C06', 90, '2025-01-13'),
('S01', 'C07', 68, '2025-01-08'),
('S01', 'C08', 80, '2025-02-15'),
('S02', 'C01', 70, '2025-01-08'),
('S02', 'C02', 82, '2025-01-10'),
('S02', 'C03', 64, '2025-01-12'),
('S02', 'C04', 55, '2025-01-09'),
('S03', 'C01', 90, '2025-01-08'),
('S03', 'C02', 90, '2025-01-10'),
('S03', 'C03', 85, '2025-01-12'),
('S03', 'C05', 78, '2025-01-11'),
('S04', 'C01', 45, '2025-01-08'),
('S04', 'C02', 52, '2025-01-10'),
('S04', 'C03', 40, '2025-01-12'),
('S04', 'C04', 0, '2025-01-09'),
('S05', 'C01', 79, '2025-01-08'),
('S05', 'C02', 88, '2025-01-10'),
('S05', 'C03', 70, '2025-01-09'),
('S06', 'C01', 0, '2025-01-08'),
('S06', 'C03', 58, '2025-01-12'),
('S06', 'C06', 41, '2025-01-13'),
('S07', 'C02', 94, '2025-01-10'),
('S07', 'C03', 90, '2025-01-12'),
('S07', 'C07', 88, '2025-01-11'),
('S08', 'C01', 86, '2025-01-08'),
('S08', 'C02', 61, '2025-01-10'),
('S08', 'C03', 73, '2025-01-12'),
('S08', 'C08', 69, '2025-02-15'),
('S09', 'C01', 92, '2025-01-08'),
('S09', 'C03', 81, '2025-01-12'),
('S09', 'C04', 77, '2025-01-09'),
('S10', 'C02', 55, '2025-01-10'),
('S10', 'C03', 47, '2025-01-12'),
('S11', 'C01', 77, '2025-01-08'),
('S11', 'C02', 80, '2025-01-10'),
('S11', 'C03', 79, '2025-01-12'),
('S11', 'C05', 66, '2025-01-11'),
('S12', 'C01', 60, '2025-01-08'),
('S13', 'C02', 84, '2025-01-10'),
('S13', 'C07', 91, '2025-01-11'),
('S14', 'C01', 58, '2025-01-08'),
('S14', 'C06', 73, '2025-01-13'),
('S15', 'C03', 62, '2025-01-12'),
('S15', 'C08', 0, '2025-02-15');

INSERT INTO dept(did, dname) VALUES
('D01', '研发部'),
('D02', '教学部'),
('D03', '市场部');

INSERT INTO emp(eid, ename, did, manager_id, salary, hired_on) VALUES
('E01', '陈省', 'D01', NULL, 18000, '2020-03-01'),
('E02', '吴舟', 'D01', 'E01', 12000, '2022-05-12'),
('E03', '唐宁', 'D01', 'E01', 19000, '2021-08-20'),
('E04', '沈泊', 'D02', 'E01', 15000, '2021-11-04'),
('E05', '齐末', 'D02', 'E04', 9000, '2024-04-01'),
('E06', '米白', 'D03', 'E01', 11000, '2023-02-18'),
('E07', '蓝秋', 'D03', 'E06', 8000, '2024-09-01'),
('E08', '贺川', 'D03', 'E06', 21000, '2022-12-10');

-- 本题查询
SELECT sid, cid, score, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY score DESC) AS rnk FROM score ORDER BY rnk, sid, cid;

运行示例

sid | cid | score | rnk
----+-----+-------+----
S07 | C02 | 94.0  | 1  
S09 | C01 | 92.0  | 2  
S01 | C03 | 91.0  | 3  
S13 | C07 | 91.0  | 3  
S01 | C06 | 90.0  | 5  
S03 | C01 | 90.0  | 5  
S03 | C02 | 90.0  | 5  
S07 | C03 | 90.0  | 5  
S01 | C01 | 88.0  | 9  
S05 | C02 | 88.0  | 9  
S07 | C07 | 88.0  | 9  
S08 | C01 | 86.0  | 12 
S01 | C04 | 85.0  | 13 
S03 | C03 | 85.0  | 13 
S13 | C02 | 84.0  | 15 
S02 | C02 | 82.0  | 16 
S09 | C03 | 81.0  | 17 
S01 | C08 | 80.0  | 18 
S11 | C02 | 80.0  | 18 
S05 | C01 | 79.0  | 20 
S11 | C03 | 79.0  | 20 
S03 | C05 | 78.0  | 22 
S09 | C04 | 77.0  | 23 
S11 | C01 | 77.0  | 23 
S01 | C02 | 76.0  | 25 
S08 | C03 | 73.0  | 26 
S14 | C06 | 73.0  | 26 
S01 | C05 | 72.0  | 28 
S02 | C01 | 70.0  | 29 
S05 | C03 | 70.0  | 29 
S08 | C08 | 69.0  | 31 
S01 | C07 | 68.0  | 32 
S11 | C05 | 66.0  | 33 
S02 | C03 | 64.0  | 34 
S15 | C03 | 62.0  | 35 
S08 | C02 | 61.0  | 36 
S12 | C01 | 60.0  | 37 
S06 | C03 | 58.0  | 38 
S14 | C01 | 58.0  | 38 
S02 | C04 | 55.0  | 40 
S10 | C02 | 55.0  | 40 
S04 | C02 | 52.0  | 42 
S10 | C03 | 47.0  | 43 
S04 | C01 | 45.0  | 44 
S06 | C06 | 41.0  | 45 
S04 | C03 | 40.0  | 46 
S04 | C04 | 0.0   | 47 
S06 | C01 | 0.0   | 47 
S15 | C08 | 0.0   | 47