RSA is a public-key cryptographic algorithm, named after its three inventors: Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, whose surnames form the acronym.
In asymmetric encryption algorithms, there are two keys: a public key and a private key, which form a pair. If data is encrypted with the public key, it can only be decrypted using the corresponding private key; if data is encrypted with the private key, it can only be decrypted using the corresponding public key.
The process of exchanging encrypted information using asymmetric encryption is as follows: Party A generates a key pair and publicly shares one of them as the public key; Party B uses this public key to encrypt the confidential message and sends it to Party A; Party A then decrypts the encrypted message using their own private key.